Σεληνη - Selene

Homeric Hymn 32 to Selene (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th - 4th B.C.) :
"And next, sweet voiced Mousai (Muses), daughters of Zeus, well skilled in song, tell of the long-winged Mene (Moon). From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Okeanos, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, and drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. Once Kronides [Zeus] was joined with her in love; and she conceived an bare a daughter Pandeia, exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! And now I will leave you and sing the glorious of men half-divine, whose deeds minstrels, the servants of the Mousai, celebrate with lovely lips."

Orphic Hymn 9 to Selene (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) :
"To Selene (Moon), Fumigation from Aromatics. Hear, goddess queen (thea basileia), diffusing silver light, bull-horned, and wandering through the gloom of night. With stars surrounded, and with circuit wide night’s torch extending, through the heavens you ride: female and male, with silvery rays you shine, and now full-orbed, now tending to decline. Mother of ages, fruit-producing Mene (Moon), whose amber orb makes night’s reflected noon: lover of horses, splendid queen of night, all-seeing power, bedecked with starry light, lover of vigilance, the foe of strife, in peace rejoicing, and a prudent life: fair lamp of night, its ornament and friend, who givest to nature’s works their destined end. Queen of the stars, all-wise Goddess, hail! Decked with a graceful robe and amble veil. Come, blessed Goddess, prudent, starry, bright, come, moony-lamp, with chaste and splendid light, shine on these sacred rites with prosperous rays, and pleased accept thy suppliants’ mystic praise."

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SELENE was the Titan goddess of the moon. She was depicted as a woman either riding side saddle on a horse or in a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Her lunar sphere or crescent was represented as either a crown set upon her head or as the fold of a raised, shining cloak. Sometimes she was said to drive a team of oxen and her lunar crescent was likened to the horns of a bull. Selene's great love was the shepherd prince Endymion. The beautiful boy was granted eternal youth and immortality by Zeus and placed in a state of eternal slumber in a cave near the peak of Lydian Mount Latmos. There his heavenly bride descended to consort with him in the night.

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SELE′NE (Selênê), also called Mene, or Latin Luna, was the goddess of the moon, or the moon personified into a divine being. She is called a daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and accordingly a sister of Helios and Eos (Hes. Theog. 371, &c.; Apollod. i. 2. § 2; Schol. ad Pind. Isthm. v. 1, ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 55); but others speak of her as a daughter of Hyperion by Euryphaessa (Hom. Hymn. 31. 5), or of Pallas (Hom. Hymn. in Merc. 99, &c.), or of Zeus and Latona (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 175), or lastly of Helios (Eurip. l.c.; comp. Hygin. Praef. p. 10, ed. Muncker). She is also called Phoebe, as the sister of Phoebus, the god of the sun. By Endymion, whom she loved, and whom she sent to sleep in order to kiss him, she became the mother of fifty daughters (Apollod. i. 7. § 5; Cic. Tusc. i. 38; Catull. 66. 5; Paus. v. 1. § 2); by Zeus she became the mother of Pandeia, Ersa, and Nemea (Hom. Hymn. 32. 14 ; Plut. Sympos. iii. in fin.; Schol. ad Pind. Nem. Hypoth. p. 425, ed. Böckh). Pan also is said to have had connexion with her in the shape of a white ram (Virg. Georg. iii. 391). Selene is described as a very beautiful goddess, with long wings and a golden diadem (Hom. Hymn. 32. 1, 7), and Aeschylus (Sept. 390) calls her the eye of night. She rode, like her brother Helios, across the heavens in a chariot drawn by two white horses, cows, or mules (Ov. Fast. iv. 374, iii. 110, Rem. Am. 258 ; Auson. Ep. v. 3; Claudian, Rapt. Proserp. iii. 403; Nonn. Dionys. vii. 244). She was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule (Paus. v. 11. § 3); and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns (Paus. vi. 24. § 5). In later times Selene was identified with Artemis, and the worship of the two became amalgamated (Callim. Hymn. in Dian. 114, 141 ; Soph. Oed. Tyr. 207 ; Plut. Sympos. l.c.; Catull. 34. 16; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 511, vi. 118). In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of Selene being more full and round, her figure less tall, and always clothed in a long robe; her veil forms an arch above her head, and above it there is the crescent. At Rome Luna had a temple on the Aventine. (Liv. xl. 2; Ov. Fast. iii. 884.)

MENE (Mênê), a female divinity presiding over the months. (Hom. Hymn. xii. 1; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 533, iv. 55; August. De Civ. Dei, vii. 2.)



Σελαναια     Selanaia     Selanaea     Moon
(selênê)
Μηνη     Mênê     Mena     Moon, Month
(mênê)
Αιγλη     Aiglê     Aegle     Moonlight, Gleam,
Radiance (aiglê)
Πασιφαε     Pasiphae     Pasiphae     All-Shining
(pasi-, phaethô)
Ειλειθυια     Eileithyia     Ilithyia     Aid, Relieve
(in childbirth)

CULT OF SELENE

I) THALAMAI Town in Lakedaimonia (Southern Greece)

Pausanias, Description of Greece 3. 26. 1 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"From Oitylos to Thalamai [in Lakedaimonia] the road is about eighty stades long. On it is a sanctuary of Ino and an oracle. They consult the oracle in sleep, and the goddess reveals whatever they wish to learn, in dreams. Bronze statues of Pasiphae and of Helios (the Sun) stand in the unroofed part of the sanctuary. It was not possible to see the one within the temple clearly, owing to the garlands, but they say this too is of bronze. Water, sweet to drink, flows from a sacred spring. Pasiphae is a title of Selene (the Moon), and is not a local goddess of the people of Thalamai."

II) ELIS Chief Town of Elis (Southern Greece)

Pausanias, Description of Greece 6. 24. 6 :
"In another part [of the market-place of Elis] are the stone images of Helios and Selene; from the head of Selene project horns, from the head of Helios, his rays."

III) ROME Imperial Capital (Central Italy)

Ovid, Fasti 3. 883 ff (trans.Boyle) (Roman poetry C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"March 31 Comitialis. Luna [Selene the Moon] rules the months. Luna closes this month’s time with her worship on the Aventine Hill."

From: Theoi (for more about Selene and her role as goddess of the moon, lunacy, etc see this link)

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In Greek mythology, Selene (Greek Σελήνη [selɛ̌ːnɛː] 'moon'; Doric Σελάνα; Aeolic Σελάννα) was an archaic lunar deity and the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia.[1] In Roman mythology, the moon goddess is called Luna, Latin for "moon".

The etymology of Selene is uncertain, but if the word is of Greek origin, it is likely connected to the word selas (σέλας), meaning "brightness".[2]

In post-Renaissance art, Selene is generally depicted as a beautiful woman with a pale face and long, lustrous, black hair; riding a silver chariot pulled by either a yoke of oxen, a pair of horses, or a pair of serpentine dragons. Often, she has been shown riding a horse or a bull, wearing robes with a moon on her head and carrying a torch.

Genealogy

In the traditional pre-Olympian divine genealogy, Helios, the sun, is Selene's brother: after Helios finishes his journey across the sky, Selene, freshly washed in the waters of Earth-circling Oceanus,[4] begins her own journey as night falls upon the earth, which becomes lit from the radiance of her immortal head and golden crown.[4] When she is increasing after mid-month, it is a "sure token and a sign to mortal men." Her sister, Eos, is goddess of the dawn. Eos also carried off a human lover, Cephalus,[5] which mirrors a myth of Selene and Endymion.

As a result of Selene being conflated with Artemis, later writers sometimes referred to Selene as a daughter of Zeus, like Artemis, or of Pallas the Titan. In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, with its characteristically insistent patrilineality, she is "bright Selene, daughter of the lord Pallas, Megamedes' son."

Symbols

Selene's main symbol was the crescent. Animals that were associated with her were the Greek kyon (κύων, dog in Ancient Greek), the bull (& the cow), as well as the cock. These animals were Selene's followers during the night and the morning twilights.

From: Wiki


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Selene's Appearance: Selene is a beautiful young woman, often with a crescent-moon shaped headdress.

Symbol or Attributes of Selene: The moon, especially in its crescent form. A chariot drawn by a horse or oxen, and, sometimes, a torch.

Selene's Strengths:Has the power of giving sleep; lights the night. Has control over time.

Selene's Weaknesses: Changeable, like the moon itself, or so hates change she brings things to a stop, as in the story of Endymion.

Birthplace of Selene:The Greek island of Rhodes

Selene's Parents:Probably Helios and Euryphaessa, whose name may be Minoan. Also given as Hyperion and Theia. Helios is sometimes said to be her brother as well. She is considered to be one of the The Titans rather than one of the Olympians, but later stories sometimes give her Zeus as her father.

Selene's Spouse: Was seduced by the god Pan, who gave her the gift of a white horse or, alternately, a pair of white oxen. Loved Endymion, perhaps too well. See below.

Selene's Children:Fifty daughters, the "Menes" or months, by Endymion. There were fifty months between the Olympic Games.

Some Major Temple Sites for Selene:Selene did not generally have temple sites of her own. She is said to have kept Endymion in a cave on Mount Latmus in Caria.

Basic Story:Selene, the goddess of the Moon, falls in love with Endymion and unites with him, bearing him fifty daughters. She so loves him she cannot bear the thought of his eventual death, so she uses her magics of the night to put him into a deep sleep forever. This way she may see him, unchanging, for all eternity.

Interesting Fact: Selene is believed to be an earlier moon goddess than Artemis, who in some ways replaced her. Among the Romans, Selene was known as Luna.

Alternate SpellingsSalene, Saline, Salina, Selena

From: here


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Selene, the moon goddess, is known for her countless love affairs. The most famous of her loves is the shepard Endymion. Other affairs of Selene's include involvement with Zeus with whom she had three daughters, and Pan who gave her a herd of white oxen. Some sources report that the Nemean lion, which fell to the earth from the moon was the result of an affair of Zeus and Selene. She was involved in many love affairs, however, not as many as her sister, Eos, the dawn.

She resembles a young woman with an extremely white face who travels on a silver chariot drawn by two horses. She is often shown riding a horse or a bull. Selene is said to wear robes, carry a torch, and wear a half moon on her head. She was not one of the twelve great gods on Olympus, however she is the moon goddess. After her brother Helios completes his journey across the sky, she begins hers. Before Selene's journey across the night sky she bathes in the sea.

Selene's parents are the Titan Hyperion, the sun god, and Theia, the sister of Helios. Some sources report that she is the daughter of the Titan Pallas, Helios, or Zeus. Helius, who is the sun god as well as his father Helios, is the brother of Selene. Eos, the dawn, who is known for her numerous love affairs is the sister of Selene.

The seduction of Endymion is the love affair that brings Selene the most fame. She fell in love with the shepard, Endymion, and seduced him while he lie sleeping in a cave. Some sources say Endymion was a king or a hunter, rather than a shepherd. Her seduction of Endymion resulted in the birth of fifty daughters, one of which was Naxos. Since Selene was so deeply in love with Endymion she asked Zeus to allow him to decide his own fate. Zeus granted Selene's request, and Endymion chose never to grow old and to sleep eternally. However, Endymion's eternal sleep did not prevent him from Selene giving birth to his daughters. Endymion was visited by Selene every night and kissed by her rays of light.

Selene is a favorite of many poets, especially love poets. A moonlit night brings the feeling of romance. It is said that Selene's moon rays fall upon sleeping mortals, and her kisses fell upon her love, Endymion.

From: Here



Also see:
Selene
MythMan's Homework help: Selene
ThaliaTook: Selene
Neokouri: Selene
Overview of Selene's Cult Centers by Unknown
Overview of Selene's Main Myths by UnknownThe Long Winged Moon
Book of the Goddess: Hymns to the Ennead: Selene
Endymion (Wiki)

Goddess a Day (blog) entry

On this blog: 
Her sister -- Deity of the Week: Eos - Ἠώς

Turan

There's going to be little info on her, but I still wanted to share. I don't think an Etruscan deity has been done before in the DoTW threads.

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Turan was the Etruscan goddess of love and vitality and patroness of the city of Velch. In art, she was usually depicted as a young winged girl.[1] Turan appears in toilette scenes of Etruscan bronze mirrors. She is richly robed and jeweled in early and late depictions, but consistently appears nude under the influence of Hellenistic art in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE.[2] She is consistently paired with her young lover Atunis (Adonis) and figures in the episode of the Judgement of Paris.

She was commonly associated with birds such as the dove, goose and above all the swan,[3] Tusna, "the swan of Turan".[4] Her retinue were called Lasas. Turan may be quite ancient but does not appear on the Piacenza list nor in Martianus list of Etruscan deities. The Etruscan month of July was named after her, although we only know the Latin word for it, Traneus.[5]

She was seen as the equivalent to the Roman Venus and the Greek Aphrodite. Her name is derived from the Etruscan verb turan "to rule".

Turan had a sanctuary in the Greek-influenced Gravisca, the port for Tarquinia, where votive gifts inscribed with her name have been found. One inscription calls her Turan ati, "Mother Turan" which has been interpreted as connecting her to Venus Genetrix, Venus the mother of Aeneas and progenitor of the Julio-Claudian lineage.

From: Wiki

Goddess of love and vitality and patroness of the Etruscan city of Vulci. She was usually depicted as a young winged girl in art. Pigeons and black swans were her sacred animals, and her retinue was called the Lasas. She was also the wife of Maris. Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem tur- 'to give'. She was the only Etruscan deity known to have a cult around her.

From: here

Turan is the Etruscan Goddess of Love and Beauty, much associated with the Greek Aphrodite. She was the patron Goddess of the city of Vulci, one of the main cities of Etruria, famous for its cemeteries and rich grave goods that now supply many a museum's Roman collections. Her name means "Lady" or "Mistress"; it is related to such Etruscan words as turannuve, "lovable, venerable", tur "give" or "dedicate", turan, "given" and turza "offer", which bring together the ideas of love and worship, implying that that which is lovable is also worthy of worship, and that love and the sacred go together. Venus of the Romans shares a similar idea in Her name, for it is related to the word venerate.

Turan is depicted on a great deal of Etruscan art: on mirror-backs and terracotta panels, on vases and sculpture. Often She shares the iconography and narrative details of Aphrodite, whom the Etruscans knew from contact with Greek settlers in south and central Italy; She can be shown with doves or a swan—which in Etruscan style is given a name, Tusna, meaning "fullness" or "lushness"—or with the Etruscan version of one of Her lovers such as Atuns (known as Attis or Adonis in Greek lands) or taking part in the Judgement of Paris, the famous beauty-contest that ended up causing the Trojan War. In the Judgement of Paris scenes She is shown with Uni and Menrfa, and is easily identified by the fact that of the three Goddesses, Turan is the one hiking up Her skirt to show off Her trendy Etruscan boots and a good bit of leg.

In a more purely Etruscan style, Turan is often shown with various attendants or handmaidens, including Lasa or the Lasae, Goddesses of Fate. She presides over one scene on a mirror of the 4th century BCE that depicts the bride Malaviskh being prepared for Her wedding. The attendants Zipu, Hinthial and Munthukh see to Malaviskh's makeup and hair while Turan watches from the side; She holds a myrtle branch and wears rich jewelry while a dove perches on Her shoulder and a swan or goose stands behind Her. She seems to be overseeing the project, and is swathed in a concealing cloak; this contributes to an older or more "matronly" appearance than the other attending Goddesses, and perhaps this indicates an aspect of Turan as a Goddess of Love within marriage. On another mirror She embraces Hercle (Herakles) between Menrfa and a young male warrior. She is again wearing rich jewelry—an elaborate necklace, earrings, headband, and several bracelets—but this time Her drapery has slipped and She is mostly naked. On another, more elaborate, mirror She is again shown with Hercle, who holds an Erote or winged Cupid-figure; to their right are Tinia and Thalna, who form a couple, and it is reasonable to conclude that Turan and Hercle do as well. She holds a staff tipped with what looks to be a pomegranate; this could be indicative of Her aspect as a fertility Goddess. The pairing of Aphrodite with Herakles is not known in Greek legend, and no Etruscan tales of them have come down to us, but evidently They were lovers.

She shared a temple with Menrfa and probably another Deity, likely Artimi (Artemis) or Aplu (Apollo) at the Etruscan city of Veii, the famous Temple Portonaccio, which had three cellae or chambers much like the later Roman temple of the Capitoline triad (Juno, Minerva, and Jupiter). She also had a cult center at Gravisca (the modern Torre di Corneto), the port town of Tarquinia in Latium where many Greeks came to trade, and where a large sanctuary dedicated to Turan was found with the remains of many votive objects inscribed to Her. Two of the other buildings there were dedicated to Hera and Demeter, as per the Greek influence.

From: Here

The Etruscan goddess of love, health, and fertility, and the patroness of the city Vulci (in the current Italian province Viterbo). Turan is usually portrayed as a young woman with wings on her back. The pigeon and black swan are her symbolic animals and she is accompanied by the Lasas. Her Roman equivalent is Venus.

From: here

 

Also see:
Mirror from Vulci -- sheds light on an Etruscan mirror and its symbolism